Critical minerals: before the mine, the race runs through data

With US$21.3 billion in investments planned through 2030 and a new national policy for the sector, Brazil is stepping up the race for lithium, copper, nickel, graphite, niobium and rare earths. But turning geological potential into a mining project requires something less visible: preserving the identity, integrity and traceability of the information produced by drilling. That is where sample control technologies, such as Smart Case, are gaining ground in mineral exploration.
In September 2026, when Brazil established its National Policy on Critical and Strategic Minerals, a word rarely associated with the traditional image of mining appeared several times in the new framework: traceability.

Law 15,506 calls for the creation of a system capable of tracking the critical minerals chain, recording transactions and the agents involved, and keeping auditable information on origin, composition and destination. Identification mechanisms must be secure, verifiable and technologically capable of preserving data integrity. Regulations have yet to define how this will work in practice.
The law looks at the mineral’s production chain. However, long before a ton of lithium, copper or rare earth concentrate needs to be traced, there is another object whose identity must be preserved: the sample that proves these minerals exist in a given area.
At this stage, new discussions are emerging around the modernization of core sheds, which are becoming essential to the technological development of mining.
Brazil has reasons to pay attention to the topic. The Brazilian Mining Institute (IBRAM) estimates US$76.9 billion in investments in the sector between 2026 and 2030. Of that total, US$21.3 billion is tied to the group IBRAM classifies as critical minerals, including copper, nickel, rare earths, graphite, lithium, niobium and zinc. Copper projects alone account for US$8.6 billion; nickel, US$4.7 billion; rare earths, US$2.4 billion; and lithium, about US$1.2 billion.
This interest is backed by a significant mineral base. USGS data show that Brazil accounted for approximately 93% of global niobium production in 2024, was the sixth-largest lithium producer, and ranked among the leading producers of graphite and nickel.
None of these positions diminishes the importance of drilling, the essential procedure for investigating the subsurface through the extraction and analysis of samples that identify and qualify mineral deposits.
The critical mineral starts as information
In mineral exploration, a diamond drill cuts through rock and recovers continuous cylinders: the drill cores. They allow the geologist to observe lithology, alteration, structures, mineralization and other features that, combined with laboratory analyses, feed geological models and future resource estimates.
The economic result may only appear years later. The information starts in that cylinder of rock.
That is why the problem is not just pulling a sample out of the ground. It is preserving the link between which rock was taken, from which hole, at what depth, how it was handled, which part went for analysis and which part remained in storage.
The main international mineral reporting systems address this issue explicitly. The JORC Code includes among its criteria sample security, audits and reviews of sampling techniques, and mechanisms to prevent transcription or keying errors from compromising the database used in resource estimation.
In the Canadian system, NI 43-101F1 sets aside specific items for sample preparation, analysis and security, as well as data verification. The Canadian Institute of Mining’s best practice guidelines go further and recommend that the chain of custody of samples be established and recorded.
This changes the way we look at a core library. It is not simply a warehouse of boxes holding old rocks. It is a physical archive of a project’s geology, one that is also being digitized.

“Considering that the main asset of these exploration projects is drilling, and considering that investors want some degree of reliability and certainty that there is, in fact, ore there before they commit capital, we start from the premise that your set of drill holes and cores is the greatest asset of these projects. And if we are saying the core is all that, why do we sometimes neglect the way we store it? Smart Case is an evolution of the box, and that is where we come in, precisely to address this pain point: the lack of reliability in how the collection is stored, where the cores are and how to prove the steps that were taken. It is a core logistics management software — not a geological database — where we store and manage when the hole was drilled, where it was delivered, the backlog, the team’s activities and final storage. A project where everything is well stored, with digital and reliable information, will add value when seeking investment or selling the asset. Without this management, the investor cannot audit, which greatly increases the project’s risk or may even require re-drilling at an extremely high cost.” – Marcéu Barreto, geologist, MBA in Project Management and Technology Projects Manager at Core Case, explains the role of this technological transformation and the value of the geological collection for the market.
When each box gets an identity
Core Case started in 2010 manufacturing core boxes for drill samples. The most technologically interesting step in its trajectory came when the container stopped being treated merely as a storage object and began to carry a digital identity as well.
With Smart Case, according to the manufacturer, each box can leave the factory with a unique QR Code and RFID tag. These identifiers are linked to Manager, Core Case’s software that records information on drill holes, cores, inventory, consumption, movements and core shed activities. The system runs in the cloud and can be accessed via web and mobile app.
The difference seems small until you picture an exploration campaign with tens of thousands of meters drilled and thousands of boxes moved between the drill pad, the logging shed, the cutting/sampling area, storage and the historical archive.
In the conventional process, part of this information may depend on handwritten numbers, labels, spreadsheets and successive transcriptions. Every human intervention adds a chance of error: a swapped box, a mistyped ID, an interval linked to the wrong record, or simply a sample that takes a long time to locate years later.
The logic behind Smart Case is to create a persistent association between the physical container and its electronic record.
The QR Code makes it possible to access the box’s individual identity visually. RFID adds radio-frequency identification. Manager organizes the information layer linked to these identifiers. Rather than thinking of it simply as “a box with a chip”, then, the relevant concept is the connection between object, identity and database.
The solution aligns with a broader trend in mining: digitizing stages that remained analog even after the adoption of 3D modeling, remote sensing, geological databases and increasingly sophisticated software.
Technology does not turn bad data into good data
This advance calls for an important distinction.
Core Case states that Smart Case strengthens QA/QC practices and supports requirements related to NI 43-101 and JORC. “Supports” is the right verb.
None of these reporting systems requires RFID, QR Codes or any particular box. Nor do they certify validation mechanisms as “JORC compliant” or “NI 43-101 compliant”.
Electronic identification does not fix poorly planned drilling. It does not make an unrepresentative sample representative. It does not automatically detect a core recovery problem, it does not replace standards, blanks and duplicates in the lab, and it does not interpret the geology.
What it can do is strengthen another component of the process: documenting identity and movement, reducing certain manual transcriptions, and making the connection between a physical sample and its associated information more structured.
This boundary matters because it allows the technology to be assessed for what it actually delivers.
CIM guidelines state that the chain of custody of samples must be established and recorded. JORC asks how sample security is ensured and how transcription errors are prevented from corrupting the data. The Canadian form requires the Qualified Person (QP) to assess the adequacy of security, preparation and verification procedures. A digital identification system can help answer part of these questions – but responsibility still lies with the technical process and the professionals who carry it out.
Why this matters even more for critical minerals
The growth of critical minerals adds scale to the challenge.
A new generation of projects is being evaluated in Brazil precisely as investors, governments and consuming industries pay closer attention to origin, security of supply, processing, environmental and social criteria, and the reliability of supply chains.
Law 15,506 reflects part of this movement. Article 44 establishes that the future Brazilian system must record transactions, allow information to be audited and use secure identification mechanisms. It also allows for technological solutions to ensure data integrity, traceability and tamper-proofing.
It would be incorrect to say that this provision applies to Smart Case. The traceability created by the law is aimed at the critical minerals production chain, while Core Case’s technology operates at an earlier stage, related to drill cores and drilling information.
The overlap reveals a broader transformation. Across different parts of mining, there is a growing demand to know what a material is, where it came from, where it has been and what information is associated with it.
For the mineral product, this becomes a regulatory and commercial requirement. In exploration, it shows up as sample security, chain of custody and data integrity. The technological logic is similar, even when the systems are different.
The box as data infrastructure
Core Case did not start as a software company. It started by manufacturing the box that holds the rock, injection-molded from recycled plastic. By adding RFID, QR Codes and a management platform, it began operating at the boundary between industrial product and information infrastructure.
The move is representative of a broader shift among mining suppliers. Equipment is no longer evaluated solely by its mechanical function and is now expected to generate, carry or organize data.
A drill rig produces performance data. Process equipment is fitted with sensors. Fleets are monitored in real time. Stockpiles, tailings dams and slopes are tracked remotely. Digitizing the core box brings the core shed into this same process.
This does not mean every operation needs to adopt RFID, or that Smart Case is the only way to organize a core library. Nor is there, in the public sources consulted, any independent study quantifying how much the system reduces errors or increases productivity in a real mining operation.
This gap prevents commercial benefits from being translated into substantiated results.

But it does not eliminate the technological question the product raises: in an industry that will invest billions of dollars in new deposits, does it still make sense to let a long-lived geological asset depend on predominantly manual identification and handling processes?
The race begins before the mine
The discussion on critical minerals usually ends with reserves, production, refining, batteries, permanent magnets and geopolitics. These are the points of greatest economic visibility.
Mining, however, begins much earlier.
It begins when a company decides where to drill. It continues when the rig recovers the rock, when the geologist logs the core, when part of it goes to the lab and when the results are incorporated into the database. It is from this sequence that the information used to determine whether there is a mineral resource capable of sustaining a venture is born. Smart Case occupies one part of this system, and its emergence is telling.
By giving a core box a digital identity, Core Case brings technology to a stage that for decades was treated essentially as physical storage. It does not make the deposit bigger, it does not improve the grade and it does not guarantee financing. It makes it possible to organize, in a different way, the relationship between the rock and the information that describes its history.
Before a critical mineral becomes a resource, a reserve, a concentrate or a strategic product, it must become reliable geological data. And in an increasingly digital mining industry, even the box where that evidence is stored is becoming part of the technology.
Article originally published by The Mining portal. Read it here.
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